SpringBoot
是为了简化 Spring
应用的创建、运行、调试、部署等一系列问题而诞生的产物,自动装配的特性让我们可以更好的关注业务本身而不是外部的XML配置,我们只需遵循规范,引入相关的依赖就可以轻易的搭建出一个 WEB 工程
在 一起来学SpringBoot | 第二十二篇:轻松搞定重复提交(一) 一文中介绍了单机版的重复提交解决方案,在如今这个分布式与集群横行的世道中,那怎么够用呢,所以本章重点来了....
重复提交(分布式)
单机版中我们用的是Guava Cache
,但是这玩意存在集群的时候就凉了,所以我们还是要借助类似Redis
、ZooKeeper
之类的中间件实现分布式锁。
本章目标
利用 自定义注解
、Spring Aop
、Redis Cache
实现分布式锁,你想锁表单锁表单,想锁接口锁接口….
具体代码
也很简单…
导入依赖
在 pom.xml
中添加上 starter-web
、starter-aop
、starter-data-redis
的依赖即可
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| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
属性配置
在 application.properites
资源文件中添加 redis
相关的配置项
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| spring.redis.host=localhost spring.redis.port=6379 spring.redis.password=battcn
|
CacheLock 注解
创建一个 CacheLock
注解,本章内容都是实战使用过的,所以属性配置会相对完善了,话不多说注释都给各位写齐全了….
prefix:
缓存中 key 的前缀
expire:
过期时间,此处默认为 5 秒
timeUnit:
超时单位,此处默认为秒
delimiter:
key 的分隔符,将不同参数值分割开来
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| package com.battcn.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited public @interface CacheLock {
String prefix() default "";
int expire() default 5;
TimeUnit timeUnit() default TimeUnit.SECONDS;
String delimiter() default ":"; }
|
CacheParam 注解
上一篇中给说过 key 的生成规则是自己定义的,如果通过表达式语法自己得去写解析规则还是比较麻烦的,所以依旧是用注解的方式…
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| package com.battcn.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target({ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.FIELD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited public @interface CacheParam {
String name() default ""; }
|
Key 生成策略(接口)
创建一个 CacheKeyGenerator
具体实现由使用者自己去注入
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|
public interface CacheKeyGenerator {
String getLockKey(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp); }
|
Key 生成策略(实现)
解析过程虽然看上去优点绕,但认真阅读或者调试就会发现,主要是解析带 CacheLock
注解的属性,获取对应的属性值,生成一个全新的缓存 Key
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| package com.battcn.interceptor;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock; import com.battcn.annotation.CacheParam; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature; import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
public class LockKeyGenerator implements CacheKeyGenerator {
@Override public String getLockKey(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) { MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature(); Method method = signature.getMethod(); CacheLock lockAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(CacheLock.class); final Object[] args = pjp.getArgs(); final Parameter[] parameters = method.getParameters(); StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) { final CacheParam annotation = parameters[i].getAnnotation(CacheParam.class); if (annotation == null) { continue; } builder.append(lockAnnotation.delimiter()).append(args[i]); } if (StringUtils.isEmpty(builder.toString())) { final Annotation[][] parameterAnnotations = method.getParameterAnnotations(); for (int i = 0; i < parameterAnnotations.length; i++) { final Object object = args[i]; final Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); for (Field field : fields) { final CacheParam annotation = field.getAnnotation(CacheParam.class); if (annotation == null) { continue; } field.setAccessible(true); builder.append(lockAnnotation.delimiter()).append(ReflectionUtils.getField(field, object)); } } } return lockAnnotation.prefix() + builder.toString(); } }
|
Lock 拦截器(AOP)
熟悉 Redis
的朋友都知道它是线程安全的,我们利用它的特性可以很轻松的实现一个分布式锁,如 opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key,value)
它的作用就是如果缓存中没有当前 Key 则进行缓存同时返回 true
反之亦然;当缓存后给 key
在设置个过期时间,防止因为系统崩溃而导致锁迟迟不释放形成死锁; 那么我们是不是可以这样认为当返回 true
我们认为它获取到锁了,在锁未释放的时候我们进行异常的抛出….
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| package com.battcn.interceptor;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock; import com.battcn.utils.RedisLockHelper; import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.UUID;
@Aspect @Configuration public class LockMethodInterceptor {
@Autowired public LockMethodInterceptor(RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper, CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator) { this.redisLockHelper = redisLockHelper; this.cacheKeyGenerator = cacheKeyGenerator; }
private final RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper; private final CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator;
@Around("execution(public * *(..)) && @annotation(com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock)") public Object interceptor(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) { MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature(); Method method = signature.getMethod(); CacheLock lock = method.getAnnotation(CacheLock.class); if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.prefix())) { throw new RuntimeException("lock key don't null..."); } final String lockKey = cacheKeyGenerator.getLockKey(pjp); String value = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); try { final boolean success = redisLockHelper.lock(lockKey, value, lock.expire(), lock.timeUnit()); if (!success) { throw new RuntimeException("重复提交"); } try { return pjp.proceed(); } catch (Throwable throwable) { throw new RuntimeException("系统异常"); } } finally { redisLockHelper.unlock(lockKey, value); } } }
|
RedisLockHelper
通过封装成 API 方式调用,灵活度更加高
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| package com.battcn.utils;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStringCommands; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.types.Expiration; import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.regex.Pattern;
@Configuration @AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class) public class RedisLockHelper {
private static final String DELIMITER = "|";
private static final ScheduledExecutorService EXECUTOR_SERVICE = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
public RedisLockHelper(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) { this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate; }
public boolean tryLock(final String lockKey, final String value, final long time, final TimeUnit unit) { return stringRedisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Boolean>) connection -> connection.set(lockKey.getBytes(), value.getBytes(), Expiration.from(time, unit), RedisStringCommands.SetOption.SET_IF_ABSENT)); }
public boolean lock(String lockKey, final String uuid, long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) { final long milliseconds = Expiration.from(timeout, unit).getExpirationTimeInMilliseconds(); boolean success = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid); if (success) { stringRedisTemplate.expire(lockKey, timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } else { String oldVal = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndSet(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid); final String[] oldValues = oldVal.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER)); if (Long.parseLong(oldValues[0]) + 1 <= System.currentTimeMillis()) { return true; } } return success; }
public void unlock(String lockKey, String value) { unlock(lockKey, value, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); }
public void unlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid, long delayTime, TimeUnit unit) { if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lockKey)) { return; } if (delayTime <= 0) { doUnlock(lockKey, uuid); } else { EXECUTOR_SERVICE.schedule(() -> doUnlock(lockKey, uuid), delayTime, unit); } }
private void doUnlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid) { String val = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockKey); final String[] values = val.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER)); if (values.length <= 0) { return; } if (uuid.equals(values[1])) { stringRedisTemplate.delete(lockKey); } }
}
|
控制层
在接口上添加 @CacheLock(prefix = "books")
,然后动态的值可以加上@CacheParam
;生成后的新 key 将被缓存起来;(如:该接口 token = 1,那么最终的 key 值为 books:1,如果多个条件则依次类推)
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| package com.battcn.controller;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock; import com.battcn.annotation.CacheParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController @RequestMapping("/books") public class BookController {
@CacheLock(prefix = "books") @GetMapping public String query(@CacheParam(name = "token") @RequestParam String token) { return "success - " + token; }
}
|
主函数
这里需要注入前面定义好的 CacheKeyGenerator
接口具体实现…
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| package com.battcn;
import com.battcn.interceptor.CacheKeyGenerator; import com.battcn.interceptor.LockKeyGenerator; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication public class Chapter22Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Chapter22Application.class, args);
}
@Bean public CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator() { return new LockKeyGenerator(); }
}
|
测试
完成准备事项后,启动 Chapter22Application
自行测试即可,测试手段相信大伙都不陌生了,如 浏览器
、postman
、junit
、swagger
,此处基于 postman
,如果你觉得自带的异常信息不够友好,那么配上一起来学SpringBoot | 第十八篇:轻松搞定全局异常 可以轻松搞定…
第一次请求

第二次请求

总结
目前很多大佬都写过关于 SpringBoot
的教程了,如有雷同,请多多包涵,本教程基于最新的 spring-boot-starter-parent:2.0.2.RELEASE
编写,包括新版本的特性都会一起介绍…
说点什么
- 个人QQ:1837307557
- battcn开源群(适合新手):391619659
- 微信公众号(欢迎调戏):
battcn

个人博客:http://blog.battcn.com/
全文代码:https://github.com/battcn/spring-boot2-learning/tree/master/chapter22