上一篇已经讲了微服务组件中的 分布式配置中心,本章讲述 由JAVA编写的服务路由网关Zuul
…
- Zuul
路由是微服务体系结构的一个组成部分。例如 /
可以映射到您的Web应用程序,/api/users映射到用户服务,/api/shop映射到商店服务。Zuul是Netflix的基于JVM的开发的路由和服务器端负载均衡器。
为什么需要服务网关?
如果没有服务网关,多个服务提供给前端调用地址管理错综复杂,增加了客户端的复杂性,认证也相对麻烦,每个服务都需要编写相同的认证….

画图工具:https://www.processon.com/
Zuul 可以做什么?
- 身份认证
- 审查与监控
- 压力测试
- 金丝雀测试
- 动态路由
- 服务迁移
- 负载分配
- 安全
- 静态响应处理
- 主动/主动流量管理
Zuul的规则引擎允许基本上写任何JVM语言的规则和过滤器,内置Java和Groovy的支持。
注意:配置属性 zuul.max.host.connections
已被取代的两个新的属性,zuul.host.maxTotalConnections
并且zuul.host.maxPerRouteConnections
它的缺省值分别200和20。
注意:所有路线的默认Hystrix隔离模式(ExecutionIsolationStrategy)为SEMAPHORE
。zuul.ribbonIsolationStrategy
如果此隔离模式是首选,可以更改为THREAD
。
官方文档:http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Dalston.SR2/#_router_and_filter_zuul
- 准备工作
1.启动Consul
2.创建 battcn-gateway-service
和 battcn-hello-service
- battcn-gateway-service
1.在项目 pom.xml 中添加 ZUUL 依赖
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| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
2.App.java中开启 zuul 代理
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| @EnableZuulProxy @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class ZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args); } }
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3.zuul.routes.routesName.ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute
配置的方式,详细可以参考源码org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.ZuulProperties
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| server: port: 9000
zuul: routes: hello-service: path: /api-hello/** serviceId: battcn-hello-service
spring: application: name: battcn-gateway-service cloud: consul: host: localhost port: 8500 enabled: true discovery: enabled: true prefer-ip-address: true
|
- battcn-hello-service
hello-service 只需要以下依赖,能注册到consul中就行(单纯的一个服务)
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| <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-consul-discovery</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
|
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| @EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class HelloApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(HelloApplication.class, args); } }
|
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| server: port: 9001
spring: application: name: battcn-hello-service cloud: consul: host: localhost port: 8500 enabled: true discovery: enabled: true prefer-ip-address: true
|
- 测试一把
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello 从地址中可以看出我们访问的是 battcn-gateway-service
,且满足 zuul.routes.routesName.path
规则,因此实际请求地址是http://localhost:9001/hello
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| hello:battcn-hello-service #表示请求成功
|
- 自定义过滤器
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| import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter; import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
@Component public class GatewayZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter {
@Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; }
@Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; }
@Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; }
@Override public Object run() { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); String token = request.getParameter("token"); if(token == null) { ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(404); ctx.setResponseBody("token cannot be empty"); } return null; } }
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实际开发中token
应该从请求头中获取,该处只是为了方便演示效果
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello?token=1
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| hello:battcn-hello-service
|
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello
- 路由映射流程
图不是很严谨,凑合着看看吧…

初次启动项目我们可以看到
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| 2017-08-14 17:19:06.090 INFO 11544 --- [nio-9000-exec-1] o.s.c.n.zuul.web.ZuulHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/api-hello
|
有兴趣的还可以阅读下 com.netflix.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerContext
,通过它可以发现每次请求的IP和端口,需要在application.yml
中配置
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| logging: level: com.netflix: DEBUG
|
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| 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Path = null 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Transfer-Encoding = null 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Content-Encoding = null 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.zuul.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper : Content-Length header = -1 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.loadbalancer.ZoneAwareLoadBalancer : Zone aware logic disabled or there is only one zone 2017-08-14 17:32:16.793 DEBUG 14316 --- [nio-9000-exec-7] c.n.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerContext : battcn-hello-service using LB returned Server: 192.168.31.221:9001 for request /hello
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- Zuul Fallback
定义GatewayZuulFallback
实现 ZuulFallbackProvider
接口
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@Component public class GatewayZuulFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider { @Override public String getRoute() { return "battcn-hello-service"; }
@Override public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() { return new ClientHttpResponse() { @Override public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException { return HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; }
@Override public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException { return this.getStatusCode().value(); }
@Override public String getStatusText() throws IOException { return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase(); }
@Override public void close() {}
@Override public InputStream getBody() throws IOException { return new ByteArrayInputStream(getStatusText().getBytes()); }
@Override public HttpHeaders getHeaders() { HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders(); httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8); return httpHeaders; } }; } }
|
步骤:停掉 battcn-hello-service
启动 battcn-gateway-service
访问:http://localhost:9000/api-hello/hello?token=1
显示:
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| Internal Server Error # 代表Fallback成功
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- 路由配置详解
zuul 相关的官方文档还是比较其全了,本文也是参考官方然后简单讲述应用场景,具体开发请结合自身业务扩展….
1.自定义指定微服务路径,以下两种配置方式结果相同
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| zuul: routes: battcn-hello-service: /api-hello/**
zuul: routes: hello-service: path: /api-hello/** serviceId: battcn-hello-service
|
2.忽略指定服务,多个服务逗号分隔,Set<String> ignoredServices
这样一来zuul就会忽略service1和service2,只会代理其它的
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| zuul: ignored-services: battcn-hello-service1,battcn-hello-service2
|
3.指定Path和Url
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| zuul: routes: hello-service: path: /api-hello/** url: http://localhost:9001/
|
4.使用Zuul但不指定Url(该方式在Eureka有效,Consul还未找到解决方法…)
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| zuul: routes: battcn-hello-service: /api-hello/** ribbon: eureka: enabled: false battcn-hello-service: ribbon: listOfServers: localhost:9001,localhost:9002
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- 说点什么
本章代码(battcn-gateway-service/battcn-hello-service):https://git.oschina.net/battcn/battcn-cloud/tree/master/battcn-cloud-zuul
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